The substitution effect refers to a consumer's ability to substitute other products for the focal brand. The greater the avaliability of substitute products, the higher the price elasticity of demand for any given product will be.



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This picture is a great example of the substitution effect. There are plenty of close substitutes for bread. I usually buy Sara Lee, however, Target has raised the price this week. Since the Target brand is more cost efficient, that will be the one I will buy.
Caresse Ward